Caroline County, VA tax sales

County offices

County notes

• •Caroline County runs no standing annual tax sale. The Circuit Court orders a Special Commissioner's sale when a delinquency suit matures, and recent sales have landed in April, July, November and December rather than in a fixed month.
• •The county government website carries no sale calendar and no delinquent list. The auctioneer's listing for the pending sale is the operative notice, and the Treasurer's office at 804-633-5291 can confirm whether a suit is in progress.
• •Every recent sale has been held at the Caroline County Community Center Auditorium, 17202 Richmond Turnpike, Milford, with simultaneous online bidding, so a buyer can attend in person or bid remotely from the same catalog.
• •Winning the bid is not the end of the process. The Circuit Court must confirm the sale before a deed is delivered, and an owner can redeem a parcel and pull it out of the auction before it sells. Recent Caroline catalogs showed parcels marked redeemed alongside the ones that stayed in.
• •Price your bid with the add-ons in view. A 10 percent buyer's premium sits on top of the hammer price, the deposit is 10 percent of the total, and the balance falls due within 15 days of the confirmation order.
• •Much of what reaches the Caroline sale is subdivision land in Caroline Pines, Lake Caroline and Lake Land'Or. Those lots come with property owners association membership and recorded covenants, so check the assessment and the restrictions before you bid.
• •The Treasurer collects the real estate tax and supervises the legal action used to compel payment, but the Treasurer does not conduct the auction. Questions about parcels, terms and the sale date go to the Special Commissioner's firm or the auctioneer.

Virginia rules

Redemption

An owner listed in the published notice, or the owner's heirs, devisees, successors, and assigns, may redeem the real estate at any time before the date set for the judicial sale by paying into court everything due. The right ends when the sale happens; Virginia gives no redemption window after the hammer falls and no redemption window after the deed is recorded. Partial payment does not redeem the property and does not suspend, invalidate, or moot the suit. The treasurer may instead suspend the sale by entering an installment agreement with the owner running no more than 72 months, and an owner who defaults on such an agreement cannot enter a second one for the same property for three years. The same before-the-sale-only cutoff applies on the nonjudicial track under 58.1-3975. What does exist after the sale is not redemption but a challenge: a party served only by publication may petition for a rehearing for good cause within 90 days of the order confirming the sale.Va. Code 58.1-3974 - Redemption of land by owner; lien for taxes paidVa. Code 58.1-3974Verified Aug 23, 2026

Deed deposit

No statewide deposit percentage exists. Article 4 leaves the terms of sale to the special commissioner and the confirming court, so the deposit is whatever the advertised terms of that sale require. Read the terms of sale published with each auction and confirm accepted funds with the commissioner before bidding.Va. Code 58.1-3967 - How proceedings instituted; parties; title acquired; disposition of surplus proceeds of saleVa. Code 58.1-3967Verified Aug 23, 2026

Surplus proceeds

The former owner and the owner's heirs, devisees, successors, or assigns are entitled to the surplus received from the sale above the taxes, penalties, interest, reasonable attorney fees, costs, and any liens chargeable on the parcel, and the burden is on the claimant to prove entitlement. If no claim is made within two years after the date the sale is confirmed, the clerk pays the money to the locality that received the sale proceeds. On the nonjudicial track, excess proceeds sit in an interest-bearing escrow account held by the treasurer, a claimant has two years from the date of sale to schedule a hearing in circuit court, and unclaimed money goes to the locality's general fund.Va. Code 58.1-3967 - How proceedings instituted; parties; title acquired; disposition of surplus proceeds of saleVa. Code 58.1-3967Verified Aug 23, 2026

Governing statute

Va. Code Title 58.1, Chapter 39, Article 4Code of Virginia Title 58.1, Chapter 39 - Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local TaxesVa. Code Title 58.1, Ch. 39Verified Aug 23, 2026

What the deed conveys: Title from a judicial sale under Article 4 is governed by the principles that apply to purchasers at judicial sales of real estate generally. It bars the disabilities of parties defendant and is free of all claims of any creditor, person, or entity, including beneficiaries under any deed of trust or mortgage, provided that the creditor was made a party defendant. Easements recorded before the date of sale are not affected. That proviso is the whole risk: the wipe-out depends on the plaintiff having named and served every interested party, so check the pleadings and the title work behind the sale.Va. Code 58.1-3967 - How proceedings instituted; parties; title acquired; disposition of surplus proceeds of saleVa. Code 58.1-3967Verified Aug 23, 2026 See the due diligence guide.

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